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Hectal
Phase 10Advanced11 of 11 in Docker

Production Docker: BuildKit, Runtime & Debugging

Faster, safer builds with BuildKit and buildx (multi-arch images, cache and secret mounts, remote caches), running containers properly (restart policies, healthchecks, limits, read-only filesystems, logging drivers), debugging containers in trouble, and the wider container ecosystem.

Earlier phases got your app into an image and running. This phase is what separates a demo from production: builds that take seconds, images that run on both Intel and ARM servers, containers that restart and report their health correctly, and a calm method for debugging a container that misbehaves.

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4 topics ~30 min 7 code blocks & diagrams
Start with the first topic
1
10.1

BuildKit & buildx: Multi-Arch, Cache Mounts & Build Secrets

BuildKit is Docker's modern build engine: parallel stages, cache mounts that keep dependency caches between builds, secret mounts that never land in layers, and buildx for multi-architecture images and shared remote caches in CI.

8 min 2 code practice

2
10.2

Running Containers Properly: Restarts, Health, Limits & Logs

How a container runs matters as much as how it's built: restart policies, HEALTHCHECK, CPU and memory limits, a read-only root filesystem with dropped capabilities, correct signal handling (PID 1), and logging drivers with rotation.

7 min 2 code practice

3
10.3

Debugging Containers: logs, exec, inspect, events & debug containers

When a container crashes, restarts, or hangs, a fixed sequence finds the answer: status and exit code, logs, inspect, events, then get inside the namespaces, even for distroless images with no shell.

8 min 1 diagram 1 code practice

4
10.4

The Container Ecosystem: Podman, containerd, Kaniko & Friends

Docker popularised containers, but the ecosystem is open standards (OCI) with many tools: Podman for daemonless and rootless containers, containerd and nerdctl underneath Kubernetes, Buildah and Kaniko for building without a daemon, and Swarm vs Kubernetes for orchestration.

7 min 1 code practice